Prostate cancer is one of the main causes of cancer death in men in Europe and the United States. The incidence rate increases with age. Half of the prostate cancer patients over 80 years old have cancer lesions, but the actual clinical incidence is far lower than this number. There are obvious regional and ethnic differences in the incidence of prostate cancer. According to statistics, Chinese people are the lowest, Europeans are the highest, and Africa and Israel are intermediate. China and Japan and other countries are low incidence areas of prostate cancer, but no choice was made for men over 50 years old. The number of latent cancer lesions found in the prostate section sections of autopsy is similar to that in Europe and the United States, Therefore, some people believe that Oriental people have slower cancer growth than Westerners, with fewer clinical cases. In addition, prostate cancer is also related to the environment.
The prostate cancer family can generally be divided into the following four categories:
1. Latent prostate cancer: Refers to a type of prostate cancer that has no symptoms and signs of prostate disease during life and is found primarily in the prostate during postmortem necropsy through pathological examination. Latent cancer can occur anywhere in the prostate, but it is common in the central and peripheral regions, and is often a well differentiated adenocarcinoma. Its incidence rate is reported to be 15%~50% abroad. The Institute of Urology, Beijing Medical University reported that the incidence rate of latent prostate cancer was 34%. Statistical studies have shown that the incidence of latent prostate cancer may be related to environmental and genetic factors.
2. Incidental prostate cancer: The main clinical symptom is benign prostatic hyperplasia. In the prostate tissue resected for hyperplasia, histological examination reveals prostate cancer. Histologically, it is well differentiated adenocarcinoma, mainly tubular adenocarcinoma and cribriform adenocarcinoma, and a small number of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The incidence of incidental prostate cancer in foreign countries is 10%~30%. The reported incidence rate in China is about 5%.
3. Concealed prostate cancer: The patient has no symptoms and signs of prostate disease, but is confirmed as prostate cancer by pathological examination of lymph node biopsy or bone biopsy specimens. And can be further confirmed by prostate biopsy. The serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase levels in these patients increase. The biopsy tissue was positive for PSA and/or PAP immunohistochemical staining.
4. Clinical prostate cancer: Clinical examination (digital examination, ultrasound, CT, or magnetic resonance imaging, etc.) diagnosed prostate cancer, and can be confirmed by biopsy. Diagnosis can also be assisted by increased serum PSA and PAP levels in patients. Most patients can feel prostate nodules by digital examination of the anus. Ultrasound examination indicates that the appearance of prostate nodules is irregular, the echo is uneven, and the echo is low.